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🔩 Classification by Function and Application
Orthopedic implants can be broadly categorized based on their intended use, which determines their design, materials, and mechanical properties.
1. Joint Reconstruction Implants
These are permanent devices used in arthroplasty (joint replacement surgery) to replace the articulating surfaces of a joint that has been severely damaged by arthritis (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis) or trauma.
Hip Implants: Consist of a socket (acetabular cup) and a ball (femoral head) attached to a stem inserted into the femur. They replace the ball and socket joint of the hip.
Knee Implants: Involve resurfacing the ends of the thigh bone (femur) and shin bone (tibia) with metallic components and inserting a specialized polymer cushion to act as artificial cartilage.